Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of alcohol abuse and/or dependence in a population-based sample of young adults and assess the prevalence of comorbid mood disorders, anxiety, and suicide risk in this population. Methods: This cross-sectional, population-based study enrolled 1,953 young adults aged 18-35 years. The CAGE questionnaire was used to screen for alcohol abuse and/or dependence, with CAGE scores ≥ 2 considered positive. Psychiatric disorders were investigated through the structured Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Results: Alcohol abuse and/or dependence was identified in 187 (9.60%) individuals (5.10% among women and 15.20% among men). Alcohol abuse and/or dependence were more prevalent among men than women, as well as among those who used tobacco, illicit drugs or presented with anxiety disorder, mood disorder, and suicide risk. Conclusion: These findings suggest that alcohol abuse and/or dependence are consistently associated with a higher prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities, could be considered important predictors of other psychiatric disorders, and deserve greater public heath attention, pointing to the need for alcohol abuse prevention programs.

Objective: To investigate peripheral levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) and evaluate the relationship between IL-10, age of disease onset, and duration of illness. Methods: Case-control study nested in a population-based cohort of 231 individuals (age 18-24 years) living in Pelotas, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Participants were screened for psychopathology using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I). Serum IL-10 was measured using commercially available immunoassay kits. Results: Peripheral levels of IL-10 were not significantly different in individuals with MDD or BD as compared to controls. However, higher IL-10 levels were found in MDD patients with a later disease onset as compared with controls or early-onset patients. In addition, IL-10 levels correlated negatively with illness duration in the MDD group. In the BD group, age of onset and duration of illness did not correlate with IL-10 levels. Conclusion: Higher levels of IL-10 are correlated with late onset of MDD symptoms. Moreover, levels of this cytokine might decrease with disease progression, suggesting that an anti-inflammatory balance may be involved in the onset of depressive symptoms and disease progression in susceptible individuals.

Objective: To evaluate the association between social anxiety disorder (SAD) and perceived maternal bonding styles among young women during pregnancy and 30 months after childbirth. Methods: A cohort of young women from the city of Pelotas, Brazil was followed up from pregnancy to 30 months postpartum. The Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus was used to assess SAD and the Parental Bonding Instrument was administered to measure maternal bonding styles. Poisson regression with robust variance was used for multivariable analysis. Results: After adjusting for potential confounding factors, SAD prevalence was 6.39 times higher among young women who perceived their mothers as neglectful (prevalence ratio [PR] 6.39; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.2-32.0), and 5.57 times higher in women who perceived their mothers as affectionless controlling (PR = 5.57; 95%CI 1.5-19.7) when compared with those who received optimal care. Conclusion: Maternal bonding style may have an influence on the development of SAD. Therefore, support and early prevention strategies should be offered to the family.

Anastrepha pseudanomala Norrbom was reared in fruits of Couma utilis (Apocynaceae), and also collected in McPhail traps in Ferreira Gomes county, State of Amapá, Brazil.

Anastrepha anomala Stone foi obtida de frutos de Parahancornia amapa (Huber) Ducke (Apocynaceae) e Anastrepha hastata Stone de Cheiloclinium cognatum (Miers.) (Hippocrateaceae) no Amapá, sendo obtidos dois braconídeos, Doryctobracon sp. e Opius bellus Gahan, dessa espécie. Este é o primeiro registro de P. amapa como hospedeiro de moscas-das-frutas. C. cognatum é o primeiro hospedeiro conhecido de A. hastata e os braconídeos são também os primeiros registros de parasitóides dessa espécie.

Anastrepha anomala Stone was obtained from Parahancornia amapa (Huber) Ducke (Apocynaceae) fruits, and Anastrepha hastata Stone from Cheiloclinium cognatum (Miers.) (Hippocrateaceae) in the State of Amapá, Brazil. Two braconids, Doryctobracon sp. and Opius bellus Gahan, were reared from the latter fruit fly species. This is the first record of P. amapa as a fruit fly host. C. cognatum is the first host known to A. hastata. Both braconids are also the first records of parasitoids for this species.

Este artigo faz uma abordagem sobre as interações micorrízicas, caracteriza os tipos de fungos micorrízicos, identifica os pontos importantes na utilização prática desses fungos e apresenta informações atualizadas sobre o assunto. As técnicas da ciência moderna formaram as bases da micorrizalogia, que se espalhou pelo mundo e representa, hoje importante ramo interdisciplinar das Ciências Biológicas, com grandes possibilidades para a exploração comercial, com o objetivo de aumentar a produção de madeira, fibras e alimentos e reduzir os custos e o impacto dos sistemas modernos de produção sobre o meio ambiente. O Brasil, em função de suas condições edafo-climáticas, aptidões agrossilvopastoril e a escassez de recursos financeiros, apresenta enorme potencial para utilização de micorrizas, uma vez que o uso de micorrizas promove ganhos de produção e, conseqüentemente, retorno financeiro.

This article elaborates the mycorrhizal interactions, characterizes the types of mycorrhizal fungi and identifies the important points in the practical use of these fungi and shows information brought up to date on the subject. The techniques of modern Science formed the bases of the mycorrhizalogy that spread in world and today represents an important branch of Biological Sciences, with great possibilities for the commercial scanning, aiming to magnify the wood production, vegetable fibers and foods and to reduce the costs and the impact of modern systems of production on environment. The Brazil, due to its edafoclimatic conditions, agricultural, forestal and pastoral aptitudes and the scarcity of financial resources presents enormous potential for use of mycorrhiza, since it promotes production and consequently financial rollback.

Desenvolveu-se o presente trabalho, objetivando-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes épocas de irrigação e de parcelamentos de adubação na produtividade do cafeeiro em quatro safras consecutivas. Realizou-se um experimento em faixas, em que, nas parcelas foram avaliados diferentes parcelamentos de adubação: parcela 1 recebeu 12 aplicações de fertilizantes, de forma manual; parcelas 2, 3 e 4 receberam, respectivamente, 12, 24 e 36 aplicações de fertilizantes via água de irrigação. Nas faixas (subparcelas) foram avaliadas três épocas de irrigação, de 1/6 a 30/9 (subparcela A), de 15/7 a 30/9 (subparcela B), de 1/9 a 30/9 (subparcela C) e um tratamento testemunha sem irrigação (subparcela D), com 3 repetições, em blocos. Os resultados de produtividade total de café foram submetidos à análise de variância, e, quando pertinente, ao teste de comparação de médias, detectando-se efeito significativo do fator época de irrigação e safras, e, a única interação significativa foi entre safras e épocas de irrigação, indicando que a irrigação não elimina o comportamento bienal de produtividade do cafeeiro. As melhores médias de produtividade (3852,2 e 3527,1 kg ha-1) resultaram das irrigações de 1/6 a 30/9 e de 15/7 a 30/9, respectivamente.

The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of different periods of irrigation during and different fertilizer applications on productivity of coffee plant in 4 consecutive harvests. An experiment was accomplished in strips, in which the split fertilizer applications were tested: plot 1 received 12 applications of fertilizers in a manual way, plots 2, 3 and 4 received, respectively, 12, 24 and 36 applications of fertilizers through irrigation water. In the strips 3 irrigation periods were tested, 1/6 to 30/9, 15/7 to 30/9, 1/9 to 30/9 and a control treatment without irrigation, with 3 repetitions (blocks). The results of total coffee productivity expressed in kg ha-1, were submitted to the variance analysis and to mean comparison test, when it was necessary. The variance analysis detected significant effect for irrigation times and in harvests. The only significant interaction was between harvest and irrigation times, showing that the irrigation does not eliminate the biennial cycle of coffee plant productivity. The irrigation from 1/6 to 30/9, and from 15/7 to 30/9 provided better mean productivity of 3,852.2 and 3,527.1 kg ha-1, respectively.

Neste trabalho é apresentada a descrição dos caracteres morfológicos externos do ovo e dos cinco ínstares ninfais de Phthia picta (Drury), incluindo ilustrações.

The external morphological characters of the egg and five instars of Phthia picta (Drury) are described and illustrated.